Hluav taws xob welding, tseem hu ua arc vuam, yog lub arc tshav kub tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv vuam, uas ua rau cov ntu ntu ntawm cov hlau welded nyob rau hauv lub zos rhuab thiab melted mus rau lub xeev cov kua, yog li ntawd lub keeb kwm sib cais hlau yog ua ke mus rau hauv ib tug. ruaj khov thiab tsis tshem tawm cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke. Raws li cov txheej txheem vuam, arc vuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov vuam tsis siv neeg, semi-automatic vuam thiab phau ntawv vuam. Tsis siv neeg vuam thiab semi-automatic vuam yog tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab loj. Cov cuab yeej siv tau nruab rau hauv lub rooj cob qhia thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau raug kho. Kev tuav phau ntawv vuam tsis txwv los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab muaj qhov hloov tau zoo. Nws yog tam sim no siv rau kev tsim kho sab nraum zoov qhib cua. Muaj ntau cov ntawv ua tom tsev. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm yog nrog rau kev tsim hluav taws xob, lub teeb, cua sov thiab qhib nplaim taws, yog li muaj ntau yam kev phom sij hauv kev ua haujlwm vuam.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam
Ua ntej, nws yooj yim ua rau hluav taws xob poob siab
1. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam, tus welder yuav tsum nquag hloov cov vuam pas nrig thiab kho cov vuam tam sim no. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum ncaj qha mus cuag cov electrode thiab phaj, thiab qhov vuam fais fab feem ntau yog 220V / 380V. Thaum cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis raug cai, cov khoom tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog. Thaum tus neeg teb xov tooj ua txhaum txoj cai, nws yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob poob. Yog tias soldered hauv lub thawv hlau, ntawm cov yeeb nkab, lossis hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab dua.
2. Thaum lub tshuab vuam yog unloaded, qhov thib ob winding voltage feem ntau yog 60 ~ 90V. Vim tias qhov hluav taws xob tsis siab, nws tau yooj yim tsis quav ntsej los ntawm cov welder, tab sis nws qhov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj qhov kev ruaj ntseg voltage ntawm 36V, tseem muaj qee qhov txaus ntshai. Xav tias qhov tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab vuam yog 70V, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Lub sijhawm no, tib neeg lub cev tsis kam R yog li 1600Ω. Yog tias tus welder kov lub puab tsaig, qhov tam sim no kuv los ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog: I=V/R=70/1600=44Ma Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tam sim no, tus welder txhais tes yuav ua rau tuag tes tuag taw. , uas yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob poob siab.
3. Vim tias kev ua haujlwm vuam yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov qhib cua, lub tshuab vuam, vuam hlau thiab cov kab hluav taws xob feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, av noo (qhov chaw tsim kho) thiab cov plua plav ib puag ncig, thiab lub qhov cub feem ntau overloaded, uas ua rau cov kab hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Circuit Court rwb thaiv tsev aging Lub rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo yog txo, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los ua kom muaj kev sib tsoo.
Qhov thib ob, nws yooj yim ua rau hluav taws kub thiab tawg tawg
Vim yog arcing los yog qhib nplaim taws thaum vuam, nws yooj yim heev los ua hluav taws kub thaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog cov ntaub ntawv flammable. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom tawg (xws li cov pits, trenches, troughs, thiab lwm yam), nws yog qhov txaus ntshai dua rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov thawv, yees, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov kav dej uas tau khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom tawg. Tseem muaj ntau yam xwm txheej ntawm sab no. Piv txwv li, "12·25" hluav taws kub nyhiab tshwm sim hauv Luoyang xyoo 2000 yog vim kev ua haujlwm vuam tsis raug cai hauv cov tsev lag luam. Kev tswj xyuas tsis zoo ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob ib puag ncig los tua hluav taws, uas ua rau tag nrho 309 tus neeg tuag. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 26, 2003, Beijing Dongfang Chemical Plant tau npaj rau cov welder los txuas lub manhole npog pin txiv ntoo ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau tanker uas tau khaws thiab thauj cov methyl acrylate. Txij li thaum lub tanker tsis tau ntxuav thiab hloov ua ntej, ua ntej qhov hluav taws kub Tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov roj combustible nyob rau hauv lub tank tsheb, tsis muaj kev ntsuas, ua rau lub tanker flashing, lub manhole npog tau qhib, thiab welder raug tua.
Thib peb, yooj yim ua rau hlawv
Yog hais tias arcing los yog hlau slag yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub vuam txheej txheem, yog hais tias tus welder tsis hnav tiv thaiv zuag qhia tag nrho, hnab looj tes thiab khau rau vuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum welding ntawm qhov chaw siab, vim lub txim splashing, yog hais tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, nws yog. yooj yim ua rau cov tawv nqaij kub hnyiab ntawm cov welder lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Plaub, yooj yim ua rau electro-optic ophthalmia
Vim lub teeb pom kev muaj zog thiab ntau qhov pom ntawm ultraviolet rays thaum lub sij hawm vuam, nws muaj zog stimulating nyhuv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag. Lub sij hawm ntev ncaj qha irradiation tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag mob, photophobia, tearing, ntshai cua, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav ua rau conjunctiva thiab Corneal o (feem ntau hu ua electro-optic ophthalmia).
Thib tsib, nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob
Lub teeb arc generated thaum vuam muaj infrared rays, ultraviolet rays thiab pom lub teeb, thiab muaj hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev. Infrared rays muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm tshav kub hluav taws xob. Thaum vuam nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau kub stroke rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Ultraviolet lub teeb muaj photochemical kev ua thiab ua rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij puas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev raug rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntev ntev yuav ua rau cov tawv nqaij tev, thiab kev pom lub teeb ntev ntev yuav ua rau qhov muag tsis pom kev.
Thib rau, yooj yim los tsim cov pa phem thiab pa taws
Txij li thaum lub arc kub generated thaum lub vuam txheej txheem nce mus txog 4200 ° C los yog saum toj no, gasification, evaporation thiab condensation tshwm sim tom qab lub vuam ntawm lub electrode core, txheej thiab hlau weldment, thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm manganese chromium oxide thiab cov pa phem raug generated. ; Qhov kub ntawm lub teeb thiab muaj zog hluav taws xob kuj ua rau cov huab cua nyob ib puag ncig los tsim cov pa phem xws li ozone thiab nitrogen oxides. Koom nrog hluav taws xob vuam rau lub sijhawm ntev nyob rau hauv cov cua tsis zoo. Cov pa phem thiab pa taws no tau nqus los ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Xya, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob thaum ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab
Raws li kev tsim kho xav tau, tus welder yuav tsum tau nce qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam. Yog tias qhov kev tiv thaiv huab cua poob qis tsis ua kom zoo, lub scaffolding tsis yog tus qauv, thiab nws yuav tsis siv tom qab txais; kev ua haujlwm yuav raug coj tawm tsam qhov khoom tiv thaiv qhov khoom; tus welder tus kheej kev ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv kev paub tsis muaj zog. Yog tias koj tsis hnav lub kaus mom kev nyab xeeb lossis siv lub rooj zaum thaum koj nce mus txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo siab yog tias koj ntsib kev taug kev tsis sib xws lossis cov khoom npaj txhij txog.
Yim yim, yooj yim ua rau lom, ua tsis taus pa
Welders feem ntau yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw kaw lossis ib nrab kaw ntawm cov thawv hlau, cov khoom siv, cov kav dej, cov yees, cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias cov khoom siv tshuaj lom thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nruab nrab thiab inert roj yog khaws cia, thauj lossis tsim tawm, thaum ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev tiv thaiv tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj oxygen hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm. Qhov no tshwm sim feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv refining thiab tshuaj industries.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm vuam
Ua ntej, tiv thaiv kev poob siab
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb xws li rwb thaiv tsev, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, rwb thaiv tsev, kev tiv thaiv kev xau thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kheej kom tiv thaiv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev kov lub cev. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog:
1. Txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob welding thiab xaim. Cov khoom siv vuam thiab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsim nyog. Cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum sib haum nrog cov qib voltage, ib puag ncig ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lub tshuab vuam yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev tu thiab tu txhua hnub kom tiv thaiv lub hnub thiab nag. Lub vuam hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo yog txo.
2. Thaum lub vuam tsis kho, txav mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, hloov qhov sib koom ua ke lossis hloov cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb, lub zog yuav tsum raug txiav tawm ua ntej ua haujlwm.
3. Thaum txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau lub vuam, tsis txhob hnov qab txhim kho cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tib lub sijhawm kom ntseeg tau tias tus neeg yuav tau txais hluav taws xob thaum muaj hluav taws xob poob. Thaum welding ntawm cov thawv ntub dej lossis hlau, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tiv thaiv uas muaj qhov ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tam sim no tsis tshaj 15 mA thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntsuas tsawg dua 0.1 thib ob.
4. Kev tiv thaiv lub ntiaj teb los yog zeroing ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub vuam tshuab vaj tse thiab cov xov hlau thib ob winding. Thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog peb-theem peb-xaim los yog ib-theem system, kev tiv thaiv hauv av yuav tsum tau nruab, thiab nws cov nqi kuj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 4 Ω. Thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog peb-theem plaub-xaim nruab nrab hauv av, yuav tsum tau muab cov hlau tiv thaiv nruab nrab.
5. Txhim khu kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob thiab kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum hnav cov khau insulated thiab cov hnab looj tes tshwj xeeb thaum vuam ua haujlwm. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv vuam hauv qhov qhib huab cua rau hnub los nag; nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb humid qhov chaw, cov neeg yuav tsum tau sawv ntawm qhuav ntoo los yog roj hmab rwb thaiv tsev nplooj.
6. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov qauv hlau, cov kav dej, cov ntsia hlau thiab lwm yam hlau txuas rau cov hlau. Soldering nyob rau hauv cov thawv hlau los yog cov chaw ntub dej tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv txoj kev yuav tsum siv qhov hluav taws xob muaj kev nyab xeeb tsawg dua 12V.
Qhov thib ob, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub thiab tawg
1. Vuam nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tawg thiab tawg, ua ntej, daim ntawv tso cai tua hluav taws yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej raws li cov kev cai, thiab tau pom zoo los ntawm cov tuam tsev uas cuam tshuam.
Tom qab pom zoo ua haujlwm, peb yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li "peb tsis muaj hluav taws."
2. Txawm hais tias muaj cov khoom tawg yooj yim lossis tawg hauv qab thiab ib puag ncig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej vuam, txawm tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion xws li xim rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, yog tias muaj, yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ua ntej. Rau kev ua haujlwm vuam nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom uas nyob ib sab thiab thaj chaw roj tank, yuav tsum tau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws; yog tias muaj qhov siab-altitude vuam, nws yuav tsum tau muab cais nrog asbestos lossis hlau kom tiv thaiv Mars los ntawm kev txaws.
3. Yog hais tias vuam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub thawv, cov khoom siv los yog cov kav dej uas tsim, khaws thiab thauj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tawg, nws yuav tsum tau xyuas seb cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej txuas nrog nws puas raug kaw lossis kaw nrog daim phiaj dig muag ua ntej vuam; Ntxuav, ntxuav, hloov, qauv thiab kuaj, tom qab vuam, tuaj yeem welded.
Thib peb, tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab
1. Welders yuav tsum hnav cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv, cov hnab looj tes insulated thiab insulated khau rau cov welders thaum vuam. Thaum siv cov vuam tam sim no, cov hlua vuam yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub hau tiv thaiv.
2. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded yuav tsum tau them nrog asbestos board nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm ob txhais taw thiab lub cev thiab ua rau kub hnyiab.
3. Lub taub hau electrode yuav tsum tau hloov thaum lub sij hawm siab vuam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg kom tsis txhob scalding cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv qab no.
4. Hnav cov tsom iav tiv thaiv thaum ntxuav lub vuam slag; Thaum ua haujlwm vuam siv lub taub hau lossis kab rov tav vuam ntawm qhov siab siab, vim muaj kev tawg loj heev ntawm Mars, kev tiv thaiv kev sib cais yuav tsum tau ua.
Plaub, ntsuas los tiv thaiv electro-optic ophthalmia
Nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov vuam tam sim no, lub npog ntsej muag tsim nyog yuav tsum siv lub sijhawm. Lwm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam vuam yuav tsum hnav cov xim tiv thaiv qhov muag thaum vuam.
Thib tsib, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob
Welders thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig yuav tsum hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv thaum vuam. Nws yog txwv tsis pub hnav lub npog ntsej muag hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam ncaj qha ntawm lub teeb arc yam tsis hnav daim iav xim; kom txo qis ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yog txwv tsis pub hnav luv luv squats rau hluav taws xob vuam nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov; thiab siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv UV tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij.
Thib rau, kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov pa phem thiab pa taws
1. Tsim nyog tsim cov txheej txheem vuam, sim siv cov txheej txheem vuam ib leeg ob sab ua kom txo tau cov vuam hauv cov thawv hlau.
2. Yog hais tias vuam ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug me me los yog kaw lub thawv, yuam cua cua ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau txo qhov concentration ntawm cov pa phem thiab soot nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm.
3. Siv tsis siv neeg vuam thiab semi-automatic welding es tsis txhob ntawm phau ntawv welding kom ntau li ntau tau kom txo tau cov welding neeg ua hauj lwm raug rau cov pa phem thiab pa taws.
4. Siv cov plua plav uas tsis tshua muaj, tsis muaj tshuaj lom welding rods kom txo tau cov plua plav phem hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
5. Thaum vuam, cov welder thiab lwm tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig yuav tsum hnav lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv plua plav kom tsis txhob nqus pa thiab plua plav.
Xya, tiv thaiv kev poob siab
Welders yuav tsum tau kuaj lub cev tsis tu ncua. Txhua tus neeg uas muaj keeb kwm mob ntshav siab, mob plawv, mob vwm, thiab lwm yam yog txwv tsis pub nce toj. Thaum tus welder nce siab, nws yuav tsum ceev lub rooj zaum kom zoo thiab hnav lub kaus mom hlau. Ua ntej vuam, xyuas qhov chaw ua haujlwm nce toj thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, xyuas seb lub ko taw puas ruaj khov, ruaj ntseg *, thiab seb cov chaw tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb xws li scaffolding puas tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias tsim nyog, rub lub vas sab hauv qab thiab ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib cais yuav tsum tau ua thaum nws los txog rau hauv thiab tawm.
Yim, tiv thaiv tshuaj lom, kev ntsuas suffocation
1. Qhov twg vuam yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kaw los yog ib nrab kaw qhov chaw xws li ntim, khoom siv, pipelines, yees, tanks, thiab lwm yam., uas yog khaws cia, thauj los yog tsim nrog tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem nruab nrab los yog inert gas, tag nrho cov txheej txheem cov cuab yeej txuas nrog. nws yuav tsum raug txiav tawm ua ntej ua haujlwm. Kev ntxuav, ntxuav, hloov, thiab ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom siv tso cai ua haujlwm, tom qab kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas, tsim nyog nkag mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.
2. Raws li ib txwm muaj, nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ib zaug txhua 4 zaug. Yog tias cov xwm txheej hloov pauv, nws yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuas txhua lub sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nruab nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm huab cua (oxygen) gas respirator rau kev siv thaum muaj xwm ceev.
3. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov neeg tshwj xeeb saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, thiab cov welder yuav tsum tig cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Rau cov khoom siv uas muaj zog airtightness thiab yooj yim kom tsis muaj oxygen, siv lub tshuab ua pa kom ntxiv oxygen (tsis muaj cov pa ncaj qha tso cai) los tiv thaiv hypoxia thiab ua tsis taus pa.
Https://www.safttofootwear.com