Paub meej: Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv, cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov dej noo permeable mechanism ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub thiab qhuav veneer polyurethane (PU) zaj duab xis tau tham. Tus tsim ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub rau cov khau tiv thaiv tau tsim. Cov qauv, thiab xaiv hydrophilic polyurethane resin ua cov txheej txheej txheej ntawm cov tawv hluavtaws microfiber thiab tswj lub micropore txoj kab uas hla ntawm PU zaj duab xis kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov dej tsis zoo thiab noo noo permeability. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv thov teb ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv tau qhia.
Lo lus tseem ceeb: khau tiv thaiv; microfiber; hluavtaws tawv; dej permeability; waterproof; khau ua haujlwm; khau anti-static; tiv thaiv ntiv taw kev nyab xeeb khau;
1 Kev Taw Qhia
Cov khau tiv thaiv yog khau uas hnav hauv chaw ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv ko taw ntawm kev raug mob. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm lossis cov tub rog tiv thaiv tus kheej hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas. Tsis ntev los no, ntau thiab ntau lub teb chaws xav kom cov neeg ua haujlwm hnav khau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij thaum ua haujlwm, qee qhov kev lag luam lossis cov tuam txhab hauv Suav teb kuj xav kom cov neeg hnav khau tiv thaiv thaum ua haujlwm, yog li kev ua lag luam rau khau tiv thaiv yuav loj dua thiab loj dua. Nrog rau kev qhia txog ntau yam kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig cov cai thiab cov kev cai, nrog rau cov nqi siab thiab cov tawv nqaij tsawg, thiab qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb (xws li kev ua haujlwm aseptic), dermis yog qhov ua rau lwj thiab cov kab mob nyuaj ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. . Yog li ntawd, tib neeg pib nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau dermis. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov khau tiv thaiv ua los ntawm polyurethane microfiber nylon hluavtaws tawv (microfiber hluavtaws tawv) tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam.
Piv nrog rau tawv, qhov tsis xws ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv yog tias nws tsis nqus hws thiab ua pa, ua rau tib neeg tsis xis nyob thiab ceg tawv. Super-fiber hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ntawm kev nqus dej noo thiab permeability yam ntxwv ntawm tawv. Nws muaj ob qho tib si noo noo permeability thiab tsis muaj dej tsis zoo, uas yog, cov khau tiv thaiv sab nraud los nag los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov khau tawv thaum hnav, thiab tib lub sijhawm Cov hws hauv cov khau tawm, ua rau tib neeg nyiam.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, cov dej noo-permeable thiab waterproof mechanism ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub tau tham, thiab npaj txoj kev ntawm ya raws-permeable waterproof microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub. Cov txheej txheem qhuav laminating ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv tau tham. Cov dej noo permeability thiab waterproof mechanism ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv polyurethane (PU) resin thiab super fiber hluavtaws tawv PU zaj duab xis tau soj ntsuam. Kev npaj ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv tau ua tiav. Muab lub hauv paus theoretical, nws muaj peev xwm hloov cov tawv nqaij nrog microfiber hluavtaws tawv.
2 Txheej txheem tsim ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv rau khau tiv thaiv
Cov tawv hluavtaws rau cov khau tiv thaiv yuav tsum ua raws li EN345 lossis ISO20345 kom nthuav tawm hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws (EN345 lossis ISO20345 yog European thiab Asmeskas tus qauv rau kev nkag mus rau cov khau tiv thaiv). Cov dej noo permeability Performance index ntawm superfibrous hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj dej vapor permeation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.8mg / (cm2·h) thiab dej vapor permeability coefficient Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 1.5mg / cm2, thaum lub ntsuas dej tsis zoo yuav tsum muaj dej. Kev nqus dej tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 30% thiab dej hnav. Qhov permeability tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.2mg. Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov dej noo permeability thiab cov cuab yeej siv dej tsis zoo, cov tawv hluavtaws super-fiber rau cov khau tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm ob feem ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub thiab cov veneer qhuav.
2.1 Txheej txheem tsim ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub rau khau tiv thaiv
2.1.1 Waterproof thiab noo noo permeable mechanism ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub rau khau tiv thaiv
Txhawm rau kawm txog cov dej noo permeability thiab tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej ntawm super-fiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus daim ntaub rau cov khau tiv thaiv, thawj zaug yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm cov dej noo permeability thiab dej tsis zoo ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub. Kev xa dej noo yog qhov tseeb ob txheej txheem ntawm adsorption thiab hloov pauv. Ua ntej, cov dej vapor (piv txwv li, hws) hauv cov khau yog adsorbed rau sab hauv ntawm khau, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov los ntawm sab hauv ntawm khau mus rau sab nraud ntawm khau. Cov txheej txheem adsorption yuav tsum muaj dej vapor adsorption point ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub. Lub ntsiab lus adsorption tuaj yeem yog cov dej molecules yog adsorbed los ntawm hydrogen bonds lossis porously adsorbed. Yog tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus adsorption, dej vapor tsis adsorb, thiab hws hauv cov khau siv tsis tau. Hloov tawm, yog li thaum tsim cov microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub, microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub yuav tsum muaj qee yam hydrophilic nqus dej. Cov nylon fiber ntau ntawm cov dej thiab hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub yooj yim tsim hydrogen bonds thiab muaj qee yam hydrophilicity, yog li cov ntaub hauv paus muaj qee yam hydrophilicity. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov pores ntau dua ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub, qhov loj dua qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Qhov yooj yim dua nws yog adsorb dej vapor. Nyob rau hauv dej vapor nkag mus, yog hais tias lub pore txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub yog loj thiab qhov qhib piv yog siab, cov dej vapor hloov ceev ceev yog ceev thiab tus nqi ntawm kev hloov yog loj. Fig. 1 qhia cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws superfibrous rau cov khau tiv thaiv. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov hla ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub rau cov khau tiv thaiv muaj ntau qhov micropores uas pab txhawb kev hloov ntawm cov dej noo hauv cov khau.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub pore txoj kab uas hla ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub yog feem ntau loj thiab tsis sib xws, thiab cov dej nag tau yooj yim dhau los. Txhawm rau kom ua tau raws li kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws tawv tawv tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv, nws tseem yuav tsum tau nqa tawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub. Nws tau ua tiav kom muaj qee yam khoom siv hydrophobic los txo qhov ceev thiab cov dej nag dhau los ntawm super-fiber base npuag, kom cov dej nag tsis yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv cov khau, yog li ua tiav cov dej tsis zoo.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm superfibrous hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub rau cov khau tiv thaiv, lub hauv paus superfibrous yuav tsum muaj qee yam dej vapor adsorption point (ie, hydrophilic muaj nuj nqi), uas yog, microfiber puag ntaub muaj siab. qhib piv. Thiab nrog rau qhov zoo aperture, tib lub sijhawm, microfiber puag ntaub muaj qee yam dej tsis zoo, ua tiav ob qho tib si noo noo permeability thiab waterproof.
2.1.2 Kev npaj ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub rau khau tiv thaiv
Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov saum toj no-hais ya raws-permeable thiab waterproof mechanism, peb tsim ib tug super-fiber hluavtaws tawv puag daim ntaub rau kev tiv thaiv khau. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: polyethylene thiab nylon 6 yog sib xyaw thiab nplawm raws li qhov hnyav piv, ntawm qhov kub ntawm 220-300 degree C, Los ntawm yaj-plasticizing los ntawm ib leeg-ntsia hlau extruder, polyethylene thiab nylon kob. fibers muaj ib tug fineness ntawm 4 mus rau 7 denier yog spun, thiab cov fibers raug txiav mus rau hauv luv fibers muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 40 mus rau 60 mm, uas yog raug rau non-woven koob punching thiab non-woven npuag. Ib tug superfibrous hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub yog tau los ntawm flattening, impregnating ib tug ntub polyurethane slurry, txo toluene, expanding roj thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim peb-seem network ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv fabrics zoo ib yam li tawv, thiab nws lub zog tsim kua muag, zoo khaws cia, uniformity, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab dej tsis kam thiab mildew kuj tshaj tej tawv nqaij.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluavtaws tawv superfibrous ua ke nrog polyurethane slurry impregnation thiab txo cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv ntxeem tau tsim ntau tus micropores, thiab muaj thaj chaw loj tshwj xeeb thiab muaj zog nqus dej. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm cov microstructure sab hauv thiab cov khoom siv, nrog rau cov tsos ntawm kev ntxhib los mos thiab lub cev, nrog rau kev xav ntawm tib neeg, microfiber hluavtaws tawv ntaub tuaj yeem sib tw nrog cov tawv tawv zoo. Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no: spinning → koob-punched non-woven npuag → ironing → impregnation → txo → expansion drying → microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub siv mos hydrophobic kho tus neeg saib xyuas xws li silicone los yog fluorine-silicon → impregnation → nias thiab ziab A microfiber hluavtaws tawv puag ntaub rau cov khau tiv thaiv uas muaj qee yam hydrophobic muaj nuj nqi tau txais.
2.2 Tsim ntawm superfibre hluavtaws tawv veneer rau khau tiv thaiv
2.2.1 Waterproof thiab noo noo permeable mechanism thiab tsim ntawm superfibre hluavtaws tawv veneer PU microporous zaj duab xis rau khau tiv thaiv
Txhawm rau daws qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov dej noo permeability thiab cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov tawv hluavtaws superfibrous rau cov khau tiv thaiv, nws tseem tsim nyog los tsim cov qauv PU zaj duab xis ntawm cov veneer qhuav, thiab nws yuav tsum tau hais tias microfiber hluavtaws tawv saum npoo kuj muaj micropores. nrog tsim nyog pore diameters.
Waterproofing tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov dej nag los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tawv tawv rau hauv khau. Thaum cov dej noo tau xa mus, cov dej vapor hauv cov khau kis mus rau sab nraud ntawm cov khau. Cov dej vapor nkag mus rau hauv micropores ntawm cov tawv hluavtaws microfiber thiab dhau los ntawm cov roj. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov dej vapor molecules yog 4 × 10-4μm. Ntev npaum li lub micropore txoj kab uas hla ntawm microfiber tawv saum npoo yog loj dua 4 × 10-4μm, cov dej vapor tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws yog pauv los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov khau mus rau sab nraud ntawm cov khau thiab muaj cov dej noo permeability. Thaum cov dej nag dhau los ntawm cov micropores ntawm cov tawv hluavtaws microfiber, qhov nro ntawm lub ntsej muag yog tshwm sim thaum cov dej nag tiv nrog cov micropores. Yog hais tias lub pore txoj kab uas hla yog me me, cov dej los nag yog ib qho nyuaj rau nkag mus rau hauv lub khau los ntawm micropores, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm waterproofing. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntau yam dej nag uas tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm micropores yog: pos huab yog 20μm, lub teeb los nag yog 400-900μm, thiab nag los nag thiab nag hnyav tshaj 2000μm. Yog li ntawd, lub micropore txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhuav veneer PU zaj duab xis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pore txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov dej vapor thiab cov dej nag dhau los ntawm micropores.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem qhuav veneering, PU zaj duab xis tom qab lub veneer yog tsim nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm micropores nrog ib tug tej yam pore txoj kab uas hla, thiab lub pore txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub micropores yog tswj los ntawm 4 × 10 −4-20 μm, uas tso cai rau cov dej vapor nkag mus dawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau hla dej nag kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ya raws permeability thiab waterproofing. Tam sim no, cov txheej txheem tsim cov micropores hauv cov tawv hluavtaws muaj xws li laser mechanical punching method, foaming agent micropore method, solvent volatilization thiab pore-forming method. Raws li pom tau los ntawm daim duab 2, microfiber hluavtaws tawv daim npog ntsej muag rau cov khau tiv thaiv muaj qhov pore loj ntawm 5 mus rau 8 μm, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej vapor molecules los ntawm sab hauv ntawm khau mus rau sab nraud ntawm khau thaum. suppressing cov dej nkag mus rau hauv cov khau.
2.2.2 Waterproof thiab noo noo permeable mechanism thiab tsim ntawm hydrophilic resin rau superfibre hluavtaws tawv veneer rau khau tiv thaiv
Kev nkag mus ntawm dej vapor molecules rau hauv PU daim npog qhov ncauj kuj yog thawj txheej txheem ntawm adsorption thiab rov infiltration, yog li kev xaiv ntawm PU daim npog qhov ncauj kuj tseem ceeb heev. Xie Fuchun et al. siv polyethylene glycol ua ntu mos los ua ke polyurethane nrog cov khoom zoo heev hydrophilic. PU zaj duab xis ua los ntawm PU resin nrog cov pab pawg hydrophilic (xws li ethoxylate) hauv cov qauv mos tuaj yeem siv tau. Cov dej vapor molecules yog adsorbed los ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus. Txij li cov dej vapor siab hauv cov khau loj dua sab nraud ntawm cov khau, cov dej vapor molecules tau txuas mus rau sab nraud ntawm cov khau raws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov saw hlau polyurethane molecular, yog li ua rau cov dej noo permeability.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, hauv cov txheej txheem veneer qhuav, yog tias lub npog ntsej muag tsis muaj micropores, cov dej vapor tuaj yeem hloov mus rau sab nraud ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv saum npoo txawm tias los ntawm hydrophilic PU resin, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua hydrophilic PU daim npog qhov ncauj. . Thaum cov zaj duab xis dej tsim, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau sai thiab tsis tu ncua hloov cov dej vapor mus rau lwm sab ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv nto, thiab cov dej permeability tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim cov txheej txheem superfibre hluavtaws tawv veneering rau cov khau tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv hydrophilic yog siv, thiab lub micropore muaj lub pore txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4 × 10 −4 mus rau 20 μm yog tsim los tso cai rau cov dej vapor molecules dhau mus dawb. Dej, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nkag mus rau cov khau kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ya raws permeability thiab tsis muaj dej.
3 Daim ntawv thov teb ntawm microfiber hluavtaws tawv rau khau tiv thaiv
Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Hong Kong, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm kev lag luam kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom treading, kov cov khoom lossis raug mob los ntawm cov khoom. Qhov tshwm sim feem ntau yog mob ko taw thiab kev tsis taus hnyav. Hauv cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab hnub poob tsim lub teb chaws, qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb yog txuas nrog kev tiv thaiv ko taw, xav kom cov neeg ua haujlwm hnav khau tshaj lij. Tuam Tshoj kuj tau tshaj tawm cov qauv kuaj cov khoom lag luam rau kev tiv thaiv ko taw. Yog li ntawd, cov khau tiv thaiv muaj kev lag luam dav dav. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj muaj kev tshaj lij khau ntau tshaj plaws hauv Asia.
Nrog rau kev nce qib hauv zej zog tas li, muaj ntau thiab ntau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej. Hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas, yav dhau los ib leeg khau kev nyab xeeb tam sim no tau muab faib ua cov khau tiv thaiv, khau tiv thaiv zoo li qub, khau tiv thaiv ntiv taw, khau tub rog, cov neeg saib mob raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nkawm khau, cov thawj coj khau, Latin seev cev khau thiab lwm yam, yog li daim ntawv thov ntawm superfibrous hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv yog dav dua, raws li hauv qab no:
Rau cov khau kev nyab xeeb: sab saum toj rau khau xws li khau tiv thaiv, khau tiv thaiv zoo li qub, khau khau khiab ntiv taw thiab khau khau tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb. Lub Upper ntawm cov khau no feem ntau yog xim dub lossis xim av, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv mining, kev tsim kho, metallurgy, tsheb thauj mus los, sau qoob thiab lwm yam lag luam los tiv thaiv cov ntiv taw. Nws yuav tsum tau cov khau tawv kom tsis txhob ya raws-permeable thiab tsis muaj dej, thiab lub zog-txhim kho lub zog ntawm super-fiber hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv tau dhau ntawm cov tawv nqaij. Yog li ntawd, super-fiber hluavtaws tawv rau cov khau tiv thaiv yog tam sim no nrov heev hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.
Rau cov khau kev tshaj lij: sab saum toj rau cov khau xws li khau saib xyuas neeg mob, cov khau ua haujlwm thiab cov poj niam khau ua haujlwm. Ntawm lawv, nkawm khau nais maum muaj ntau heev. Tam sim no, ntau lub tsev kho mob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws siv cov khau tshwj xeeb rau tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob los tiv thaiv rab koob los ntawm kev poob thiab stabbing ko taw thaum rab koob raug txhaj. Tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob cov khau yog cov xim dawb, thiab sab sauv yuav tsum muaj dej-permeable, tsis muaj dej, tiv taus kev khoov, mos thiab xis. Ntau lub tebchaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Tebchaws Meskas xav kom cov thawj coj hnav cov khau ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, cov poj niam hnav cov poj niam ua haujlwm khau, cov khau no tseem xav tau cov tawv tawv tawv kom muaj dej noo permeability.
Rau cov khau ua tub rog: yav dhau los, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cowhide. Tam sim no, cov tawv nqaij tau maj mam hloov nrog microfiber hluavtaws tawv, uas yuav tsum tau cov tawv tawv kom muaj dej permeability thiab dej tsis zoo.
Rau cov poj niam Latin seev cev khau: thaum ntxov siv cowhide los yog sheepskin ntau lawm, tam sim no siv breathable, noo permeability ntawm super-fiber hluavtaws tawv ntau lawm.
Nrog rau kev faib tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev paub txog kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, thiab qhov tsis txaus ntawm dermis, kev tiv thaiv khau tawv nrog breathable, noo-permeable thiab dej tsis muaj zog yuav muaj kev lag luam dav thiab yuav maj mam siv rau hauv cov khau kis las thiab khiav. khau. Yav tom ntej, maj mam hloov cov tawv.
4 Kev xaus
Txhawm rau ua tiav cov dej tsis zoo thiab ua kom txaus siab rau huab cua permeability, cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm cov tawv hluavtaws superfibrous rau cov khau tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau pib los ntawm microfiber puag ntaub thiab cov txheej txheem qhuav veneering. Lub microfiber hluavtaws tawv hauv paus ntaub xav tau ntau micropores hauv cov qauv. Cov qauv tsim los pab txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm cov dej vapor los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov khau; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluavtaws tawv superfibrous yuav tsum muaj qee yam khoom siv hydrophobic los tiv thaiv cov dej nag thiab cov zoo li los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv khau. Nyob rau hauv qhuav veneer, nws tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum tau siv hydrophilic PU resin los txhim kho cov breathability ntawm cov khau tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj yuav tsum muaj micropores nrog cov pores haum rau ntawm tawv tawv los pab txhawb kev hloov ntawm noo noo hauv khau thaum tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nkag. khau thiab ua rau ntub dej. ko taw.